Forensic toxicology stands as a crucial discipline in criminal investigations and legal proceedings. Expert toxicologists are trained to examine biological samples, such as blood, urine, and tissue, for the presence of drugs, poisons, or other harmful substances. Their meticulous work can provide vital information to reveal cause of death, pinpoint

Semiconductors play a critical role in modern electronics due to their ability to control the flow of electricity under specific conditions. They can be broadly classified into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Intrinsic semiconductors, such as pure silicon or germanium, possess limited conductivity because their valence band